《天然》（20260514出版）一周论文导读—旧事—科学网

《天然》（20260514出版）一周论文导读

 

Nature,出版 14 May 2026, Volume 653 Issue 8114

《天然》2026年5月14日，第653卷 ，周论8114期

物理学Physics

Two-qubit logic and 文导teleportation with mobile spin qubits in silicon

硅基挪动自旋量子比特的双量子比特逻辑与传送

▲ 作者 ：Y. Matsumoto, M. De Smet et al.

▲链接：

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-026-10423-9

▲摘要：

研究者报导了在半导体器件中 ，经由过程自力挪动的读旧势能极小值将两个电子自旋绝对输运
 ，并演示了它们之间的事科双量子比特独霸 。研究者创作创造 ，学网彼此感染强度可经由过程两个自旋的出版空间间距举办高度调控  。当两个自旋各向中心输运120纳米（总位移240纳米）时，周论双量子比特门平均保真度抵达约99%
。文导

此外 ，读旧研究者完成了相距320纳米的事科量子比特之间的前提后选择量子态传送（传输保真度为87%），展示了挪动自旋量子比特在非局域量子信息措置中的学网潜力 。研究者估计，出版对可挪动量子比特的周论独霸将成为将来除夜局限半导体量子措置器的通用特点。

▲ Abstract：

Here we demonstrate two-qubit operations between two electron spins carried towards each other in separate travelling potential minima in a semiconductor device. We find that the interaction strength is 文导highly tunable by their spatial separation. When we shuttle the two spins towards the centre by 120?nm each for a total displacement of 240?nm, we achieve an average two-qubit gate fidelity of about 99%. Furthermore, we implement conditional post-selected quantum state teleportation between qubits separated by 320?nm with an average gate fidelity of 87%, showcasing the potential of mobile spin qubits for non-local quantum information processing. We expect that operations on mobile qubits will become a universal feature of future large-scale semiconductor quantum processors.

生物学Biology

Asymmetric splitting in dividing lipid-nucleotide multilamellar droplets

脂质—核苷酸多层液滴***中的舛错称***

▲ 作者：He Meng, Liyan Jia et al.

▲链接：

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-026-10489-5

▲摘要：

研究者展示了在窘蹙重构蛋白质机械的气候下 ，筹划化液滴仍能默示出舛错称***。在碱性磷酸酶或多价金属阳离子存不才 ，单个多层液滴***产生发火两个外形万千的子代筹划（液滴与囊泡）。

研究者创作创造，这类异形***是由单个外不雅小窝沿埋伏核—壳域鸿沟周向展开所驱动的，其机制源于脂质头基—核苷酸抵挡离子彼此感染的困惑改削。同时，研究者证了然下场性生物分子能在不合原始细胞世代之间完成转移。综上
，研究下场为自下而上组装可增殖的人工巧胞迈出了一步。

▲ Abstract ：

Here we show that structured liquid droplets exhibit asymmetric division in the absence of reconstituted protein machinery. In the presence of alkaline phosphatase or multivalent metal cations, individual multilamellar droplets split to produce two morphologically distinct progeny (droplet and vesicle). We show that heteromorphic division occurs by circumferential growth of a single su***ce caveola along a latent core–shell domain boundary because of induced changes in lipid headgroup–nucleotide counterion interactions and demonstrate that functional biomolecules are transferred between the different protocell generations. Taken together, our results provide a step towards the bottom-up assembly of proliferating artificial cells.

地球科学Earth Science

More concentrated precipitation decreases terrestrial water storage

更集结的降水促进了海洋水储量

▲ 作者：Corey S. Lesk & Justin S. Mankin

▲链接
：

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-026-10487-7

▲摘要：

研究者注解 ，更集结的降水会促进全球各气候笼统区的海洋水分可用性，其呆板效应强度与总降水量添加带来的潮湿效应相当 。志向化模仿注解，这一气候源于地表水文再分拨改削招致的蒸发加强 ，复杂与宏壮的地表模型均能复现这一不美不美不雅察效应。

在全球变热约2°C的气候下，由升温驱动的降水集结化对海洋水储量的预估影响将招致全球27%人丁所处的海洋外不雅转为特别很是呆板外形（≥0.5个标准差），且这一效应自力于总降水量或浇灌量的改削 。这项研究揭穿了海洋水均衡新的关头决意要素 ，朴实了其对降水时松分布的敏感性 ，对将来水成本可用性具有深远影响。

▲ Abstract：

Here we show observationally that more concentrated precipitation decreases land water availability across all climates globally, a drying effect as strong in magnitude as the wetting effect of increased total precipitation. Simple and complex land-su***ce models recover the observed effect, whereas idealized simulations show that it arises from enhanced evaporation caused by hydrologic partitioning changes at the land su***ce. Projected terrestrial water storage impacts of warming-driven precipitation concentration at about 2?°C of warming shift the land su***ce to abnormally dry conditions (≥0.5 standard deviation10) for 27% of the global population, independent of any total precipitation or irrigation changes. Our results show new key determinants of the land water balance, highlighting its sensitivity to the temporal distribution of precipitation, with broad implications for future water availability.

Higher-order interactions enhance the latitudinal tree diversity gradient

高阶彼此感染加强了树木的物种纬度多样性梯度

▲ 作者 ：Yuanzhi Li  (李远智), Junli Xiao  (肖鲜艳) et al.

▲链接：

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-026-10434-6

▲摘要
：

超出32个除夜型永远丛林样地（除夜都位于北半球）
，研究者同时考验了树木展开与存活中的成对彼此感染和高阶彼此感染。在1543个物种—样地组合（针对树木展开）中 ，40%检测到高阶彼此感染存在的证据；在1340个近似组合（针对树木存活）中，该比例为23%
，且这些彼此感染的强度随纬度降低而减弱 。

研究者创作创造 ，高阶彼此感染无益于罕有物种，而倒运于罕有物种
  ，揭穿了其促进物种多样性的埋伏机制。这类晃荡效应随纬度降低而减弱
，与树种纬度多样性梯度契合合。这一研究下场揭穿了成对彼此感染与高阶彼此感染在促进树种纬度多样性梯度构成中的次要协同感染 ，并有助于声明负密度制约效应对这生平物地舆格式标供献 。

▲ Abstract ：

Here we examined both pairwise interactions and HOIs across 32 large permanent forest plots, most in the northern hemisphere. We detected evidence of HOIs in 40% of the 1,543 species–plot combinations for tree growth, and 23% of the 1,340 such combinations for tree survival, with the strength of these interactions declining with latitude. HOIs were found to benefit rare species but disadvantage common species, suggesting a potential mechanism promoting species diversity. This stabilizing effect weakened towards higher latitudes, consistent with the latitudinal tree diversity gradient. Our findings reveal an important interplay between pairwise interactions and HOIs in promoting the latitudinal tree diversity gradient and help to clarify the contribution of CNDD to this biogeographic pattern.

古生物学Chemistry

Oxygen supply through the tracheolar–muscle system does not constrain insect gigantism

经由过程气管—肌肉琐细供氧不会限制虫豸的宏除夜化

▲ 作者：Edward P. Snelling, Antonia V. Lensink et al.

▲链接：

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-026-10291-3

▲摘要 ：

研究者对假说提出质疑，经由历程度析虫豸遨游飞翔肌中微气管占据的绝对空间，得出以下结论：（1）在超出一万倍体重局限（涵盖10目44个物种的1320张显微图象）内，该绝对空间仅添加1.8倍；（2）除夜除夜都物种中该比例但凡为1%或更低；（3）当相干外推至已灭尽的宏除夜蜻蜓近缘物种Meganeuropsis permiana（约100克）时 ，上述不美不美不雅察下场还是创建。

当然存在了了的退步潜力，但微气管投资随体型添加并未较着加强 ，且其空间需求极小，这些证据充分声明
：经由过程气管—肌肉琐细的分散性供氧真实不限制现存或史前巨型虫豸的最除夜体型。

▲ Abstract：

Here we contest this hypothesis by showing that the relative space occupied by tracheoles in the flight muscle of insects (1) increases by only 1.8-fold over a 10,000-fold body mass range (1,320 micrographs, 44 species, 10 orders), (2) is typically 1% or less in most species, and (3) that this observation holds when we extend our relationship to the long-extinct gigantic dragonfly-like Meganeuropsis permiana (approximately 100?g). The small space requirement and the lack of a strong increase in tracheolar investment with body size, despite clear evolutionary potential to do so, provide convincing evidence that diffusive oxygen transport through the tracheolar–muscle system does not constrain the maximum body size of extant or gigantic prehistoric insects.

医学Medicine

Evolution of pandemic cholera at its global source

全球本源除夜风行性霍乱的演变

▲ 作者 
：Amber Barton, Mokibul Hassan Afrad et al.

▲链接
：

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-026-10340-x

▲摘要：

研究者注解 ，当然孟加拉国与印度存在霍乱弧菌撒播义务 ，但畴昔20年间两国菌株集团上呈自力演掉落常势 ，其分化较着受疆土而非恒河三角洲及盆地等水文特点制约 。孟加拉国境内的演变编制与印度较着不合
，默示为基因及可挪动遗传元件（不凡是噬菌体警悟相干元件）的疾速掉落踪掉落踪与丢损掉落踪落。这些警悟琐细的缺损掉落踪落与重症风险添加及向孟加拉国境外撒播相干。

2018年孟加拉国产生发火的谱系更替招致噬菌体警悟琐细产生发火重除夜改削
，同时伴随裂解性噬菌体ICP1的谱系及抗警悟琐细的疾速变迁。这项研究注解
，超出孟加拉国与印度北部的恒河道域（而非恒河三角洲）良多是全球除夜风行病的本源。这一创作创造改削了孟加拉国作为全球霍乱本源的传统认知，并凸显了噬菌体在往后第七次除夜风行中独霸谱系撒播的埋伏感染
。

▲ Abstract ：

Here we show that, although transmission events occur between Bangladesh and India, V.?cholerae in the two countries has largely evolved separately over the past 20?years, apparently constrained by national borders rather than by hydrological features, such as the Ganges Delta and Basin. Evolution within Bangladesh was distinct from that seen in India, involving rapid gain and loss of genes and mobile genetic elements, particularly those involved in phage defence. The loss of these systems was associated with increased risk of severe disease and transmission outside Bangladesh. Lineage replacement in Bangladesh in 2018, resulting in a major change in phage defence systems, was accompanied by a rapid change in the lineage and anti-defence system of lytic phage ICP1. Here we show that the Ganges Basin, falling across Bangladesh and Northern India, rather than the Ganges Delta, probably acts as a global launch pad for pandemic disease. This shifts our understanding of Bangladesh as the purported global source of cholera and underscores the potential role of phage in controlling spread of lineages within the current seventh pandemic.

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